Management Systems In Business Enterprises -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Management Systems In Business Enterprises? Answer: Introduction Operations Management is the process of administrating the business processes to develop highest level of effectiveness and efficiency possible in a company. It is one of the most important processes of an organization, which assists an organization in attaining its overall objectives. It includes using the resources from materials, human resources, equipment, materials and technology. The idea of operations management is primarily emphasized on administration and management of different processes and methods, which can be managed by the business entity for enhancing its capabilities and profitability. The major concern in this process is sustaining the balance between income and expenses, so that business entity can achieve increased net profit. There are some examples of operations management, like; decision making regarding implementing plants, strategies for expanding the business and utilization of data structure for innovation systems etc. In order to manage and implement the operations, an organization may face various issues and challenges. This report includes different challenges, which impact operations management in an organization, like; quality management, changes in the customer expectations, changes in job design, globalization etc. The Australian business, which is taken into consideration here, is BHP Billiton. The company is an international organization in Anglo-Australian metals, mining and petroleum business. BHP Billiton is dual-listed public organization that is headquartered in Melbourne, Australia (BHP, 2017). This report analyzes the effect of these challenges on chosen business and its operations. Furthermore, it includes some areas of operations management, which mostly impact the success of chose n business in todays competitive business environment. The three areas, which are discussed in the below report, are supply chain design, product and service design and resource management. Impact of Challenges on Business Operations management plays a vital role in alleviating the policies and processes of organization across different business areas, like; technology, finance and planning. Operations Management is very challenging as it employs highly technical approaches and methodologies (Anderson, Anderson and Parker, 2013). There are multiple challenges, which are confronted by organization on regular basis in managing business operations and processes, like; Technology changes, globalization, changes in customer expectations, changing job designs, quality management and global manufacturing. These challenges impact the business of BHP Billiton in the future. Following are some of challenges and issues, which can be confronted by BHP Billion; Changing Technologies The scope of technology in operations management has progressed over past few years and has moved from development of products into design, improvement and management of processes and systems. Changes and advancement in technology is one of the factors, which have been considered very important for every business organization in todays business environment. Technology is a factor, which has different impacts on business activities and processes and offers both intangible and tangible advantages to an organization (Aviv, Lariviere Terwiesch, 2009). These advantages support an organization in achieving competitive advantages, increased efficiency and productivity, quality products and services and enhanced customer satisfaction by delivering quality products. Changes in technology offer both positive and negative effects to an organization. BHP Billiton may have both impacts of technology changes. Apart from positive impacts, there are some adverse effects, which impact the operations and growth of this business. First and foremost issue is integration issues, which states that it is not essential that new installed and advanced technology will match with old and existing technology systems in the organization. If BHP Billiton incorporates new technology systems in its business operations, then it may face the issue related to employee resistance because employees make efforts to resist technology changes (Aaker and Biel, 2013). In addition, the organization will have to bear the training and development costs to train the employees about advanced technology. Integration issue will lead to develop a double data entry in the processes that will show on different places in the system. Thus, integration of new technology with existing can be proven as a threat for BHP Billiton. In this context, another challenge is backup and data recovery challenges. BHP Billiton needs to manage the data of its suppliers and customers. If any file gets erased accidently because of server crash, power cut and other technological issues, then the company may face the issues related to data and material information loss. So, it is very important to have a data recovery system for the organization to overcome technology related issues (Beardwell and Thompson, 2014). Continued Globalization of markets including 1st and 2nd world entrants Globalization is the process, by which an organization expands its marketing and business operations to international or global levels. Globalization offers the markets with different international stages to handle with the issues, so that it can improve the efficiency, quality and effectiveness of products and services. This is because of the development of enhanced and modern methods. Internationalization and modernization are the major factors, which assist the business environment and markets of an organization. If BHP Billiton expands its business globally, it may face various challenges, like; the company will need to understand and comply with the laws and political regulations of international markets. For example, the organization will confront the issues related to laws and taxes of the emerging market, in which it is expanding its business operations (Brown, Bessant and Lamming, 2013). In addition, the company will face the issues due to cultural and language differences. Thus, political and legal factors are the major challenges, which affect the operations management in the organization. Changing customer expectations The significant components of customer service are endless, but expectations of customers are not. In todays business environment, customers are always desired a reliable, efficient and friendly service, but with the emergence of enhanced technology, the expectations of customers have been changed with the passage of time. Customer is the king of market, so it is necessary to consider their expectations and needs for managing the organization and its business operations (Chase, 2017). The organizations manufacture and deliver the products according to the needs and preferences of customers, which will lead to the organization in attaining its business objectives and goals. For an organization, demand and supply is totally dependent on the likes and expectations of customers. It is a significant factor that influences the growth and success of business of BHP Billiton. BHP Billiton may face the issues related to customer expectations as the expectations of customers change with the ma rket trends. The customers, who are going with the products and services BHP Billiton, have the expectation of innovative and upgraded products (Christopher Martin, 2016). If the company will be unable to fulfill the needs and expectations of customers, then there will be chances of declining its customer base and market share. It will diminish the sales and revenues of organization. Apart from this, if the expectations will be fulfilled by the company, then it will assist BHP in developing its customer base. Changing job designs Job design is a significant factor that is related to managing and organizing the tasks and responsibilities, so that it can assist the organization in accomplishing its overall objectives. This process also includes different methods and practices, which are very important for operating business operations smoothly (Christopher, 2016). Effective designing of job and duties is essential for completing the job successfully. There are several effects, which changes in job designing have on organization and its operations in the future. BHP Billiton may face various challenges due to changes in job designs. If there will be changes in the jobs and duties of employees at BHP Billiton, then they will feel demotivated and frustrated due to fluctuations in their job responsibilities. They will be less interested in performing their jobs and it will affect the processes and operations of organization. It will create issues in attaining major goals and objectives of organization. Employee retention and turnover ratio will lead to the higher expenses for the company and will be recognized as a threat for BHP Billiton (Galliers and Leidner, 2014). Furthermore, active changes in the jobs lead the employees to lower morale and frustration towards their job. It will affect the processes and operations of the company as the performance of employees will get affected by this. Thus, frequent changes in job designing will have adverse effects on BHP Billiton. Quality management Quality management is also considered as a significant factor that will carry the organization to the growth and success in competitive business environment. This factor is very important that assists the organization in offering satisfaction to potential customers. Each and every customer expects that organization offers quality products and services. If an organization will be able to attain this factor positively, then it will be profitable for the organization. It will assist the company in improving and enhancing its market share, creating brand equity and goodwill. Quality Management will assist BHP Billiton also in increasing its profitability and market share. The organization is offering metals, mining and petroleum services and it has various competitors in the Australian petroleum industry. Apart from these positive impacts, BHP Billiton will have some negative impacts, like; if BHP will not be successful to manage its quality of the products and services, then it will fac e several adverse consequences. For example, if the customers will not be satisfied with the products and services of BHP Billiton, then they will make steps to other brands like; BP Petroleum, Exxon Mobil etc. It will in turn decline the sale and market share of company (Heizer, 2016). The organization needs to consider and emphasize of the quality of its products and services. Global manufacturing Global manufacturing is the process that refers to the practices that a business organization manufactures the parts, assemblies, sub-assemblies and final products for other organizations. This process is completed by leveraging the cost, manufacturing capabilities, raw materials and effective supply chain system, which extends throughout the world. Global manufacturing can be very unfavorable for the organization in many cases. In the case of chosen business, BHP Billiton can manufacture the mining products and send them to other firms for purification and some other filtering objectives. It will be very expensive for the organization and it will increase the costs of goods sold (COGS) that will enhance the final prices of products. It will lead to decrease the demand for products and services of BHP Billiton (Hill and Hill, 2012). Eventually, it will adversely influence the market coverage and share of the company in Australian mining and petroleum industry. Impact of different areas of Operations Management Operations are the processes, which are adopted and implemented by an organization to attain its final objectives. The growth and success of an organization completely depends on management of its operations and business practices. There are various areas of operations, which are regarded very important in attaining growth and success for an organization. From all the operations, three areas are considered here to explain the impact of them on business of BHP Billiton (Hitt, Carnes and Xu, 2016). The following section of this report includes some areas of operation management in context of BHP Billiton. The chosen areas are, such as; supply chain design, resource management and goods and service design. It will explain that how these areas are impacts the growth and final success of the chosen organizations business. Supply Chain Design Supply chain management is an essential process for an organization, especially which is engaged in production and manufacturing activities. It is a process of managing products and services and comprises of storage and flow of raw material from work-in progress to final products. Supply chain process includes different areas, like; product flow, information flow, cash flow and process flow. Designing an effective supply chain system is an integral part of a business organization and it is very important for the delivery of products and growth and success of an organization. There are some advantages of supply chain design that will demonstrate the growth and success of BHP Billiton (Hoyle Rhiannon, 2017). From each and every organization, the customers have expectations that they receive right products and delivery should be done on predetermined time that will enhance the customer satisfaction level for organization. In addition, the products should be distributed to correct location in the given time period. Furthermore, after sales service is an extra specification that is needed to be considered by an organization to enhance the customer satisfaction level. These are the important factors, which will attract more and more customers and satisfy them with by adopting an effective and efficient supply chain system (Jacobs and Chase, 2013). With this, it will aid the growth of organization in todays competitive business environment. Supply chain system of an organization brings a variety of costs to decreasing level that are stated below; Purchasing costs: At BHP Billiton, supply chain design may impact the purchasing costs and bring it to decreasing level. Primarily, the retailers are dependent on the process of supply chain and fast delivery of costly products to avoid the storing expensive inventories in the stores for longer time. Along with this, making supply chain efforts can reduce the inventory costs for the organization (Johnson, Christensen and Kagermann, 2008). Moreover, manufacturers are also dependent on the delivery of raw materials to the manufacturing premises, so that they can avoid the shortage of material, because it can lead the production process to stop. There will be huge impact on the production and manufacturing process and eventually, it will affect the supply of products to customers and productivity and profitability of BHP Billiton will get affected by this. The raw materials from the suppliers are transformed to the finished goods through organizations assembling premises. These final products are transferred to transportation services and from transportation to retailers and then retailers to final consumers. However, supply chain systems of several manufacturers may have auxiliary, necessary and domestic suppliers (Kammar, 2016). Thus, effective designing of supply chain system is very important for an organization, so that it can manufacture the products and deliver them to customers on given time. Supply chain managem ent plays an important role in attracting the customers towards the organization, as they are more enticed by delivery of right product on right time. Goods and Service Design Products are the final results, which make the business organization able to generate the revenues and also support the organization in achieving goals and objectives. Goods and service design is the process of manufacturing a possible future product or service that includes its fit, form and function. Determining the best suitable method develops effective productivity and it is the best way for business operations (Khanna, 2015). Product and service design is a process of planning and organizing the human resources, organizational structure, communication process and components for enhancing the quality of products and services. For product and service design, it can be stated that it is the process of developing the products and services, which are to be sold by an organization to its customers. The products and services are the major factors, which are accountable for affecting the success and growth of the business operations of organization. Products are the supplies that are offered by a business entity after looking at the needs and expectations of their potential customers. Customer satisfaction level is totally dependent on various elements of products (Krajewski, Ritzman and Malhotra, 2013). One of the major factors of product is the designing the right products as per the needs and expectations of customers. This designing process refers to the identity of that product that develops a different image of that particular product in the marketplace. Furthermore, if BHP Billiton will focus on the development of products and services, then it will assist the organization in creating its better brand image in the mining and petroleum industry in Australia. In addition, it will help BHP Billiton in maintaining and achieving competitive advantage over its competitors. There are some specific factors of product and service design that assists the organization in increasing its profitability and possibility to get success. These factors for BHP Billiton are stated below; Increase in Market share The product and service design assists the business organization in enticing and affecting the customers. The product demand shows the market size of the business firm. As the company experiences increase in demand of products and services, the market share and coverage of that company will be higher over its competitors in the industry. BHP Billiton should engage in designing and developing the products according to the needs and preferences of customers, so that it can satisfy their demand (Li, 2007). It will enhance the demand for its mining and petroleum products and ultimately it will enhance the market share of BHP Billiton organization in Australian metals, mining and petroleum sector. An increased market share of the company shows its profitability and revenue generation capability and its market coverage over its competitors in respective industry. Increase in satisfaction level of customers As discussed above, that the customers are the king of market. This phrase is being repeated time to time by each and every organization. In todays competitive business world, this phrase actually positions true. The organization that has maximum customer satisfaction level has more chances for growth and success. The reason behind this is that if a firm measures its own customer satisfaction then it may assist it in optimally changing operations and marketing strategy. Customer satisfaction is the key for retaining the customers (Mahadevan, 2009). For achieving increased customer satisfaction level, it is essential to consider the needs and expectations of customers. If an organization manufactures and designs the products and services by considering the requirements and demands of customers, then it will provide them satisfaction. If the customer satisfaction level will be high, then it will enhance the repeat intention of customers to purchase the products from similar organizatio n. In addition, it will increase the brand loyalty of customers, which in-turn will hike the goodwill of company. Thus, customer satisfaction level is an important factor that is very beneficial for the growth and success of organization (Mangan, John, and Lalwani, 2016). BHP Billiton should emphasize on achieving maximum customers satisfaction level by considering their demands and needs. It will enhance the sales of company that will enhance the revenues and profitability of BHP Billiton. Increase in goodwill and brand equity Brand equity and good will are two major outcomes, which each and every firm wants to attain in its lifecycle. The firms make efforts to attain these both factors. Brand equity is regarded as an intangible asset that is determined by the perception of customers towards the brand and its products (McFarlane, 2014). A company can attain positive brand equity when its customers are ready to pay more for its products with well-identified brand name. Furthermore, goodwill is another intangible asset that includes value of company but it cannot be valued and recognized. Generally, goodwill is related to the acquisition of business. Good will and brand equity, both plays an important role in establishing brand image of an organization (Netessine Christopher, 2009). As mentioned in the above paragraph, it can be stated that there is a direct relationship among satisfaction level of customers and good will and brand equity of an organization. If the customer satisfaction will be high, good will and brand equity will be more than its competitors (Silva, 2005). BHP Billiton is a well-established organization in mining and petroleum industry and has a better goodwill and brand equity in the market. A higher goodwill indicates the strength of business organization and a strong business entity is considered to be more effective and successful. Resource Management Resource management is the effective and efficient management of resources of organization, when they are required. There are different resources, which are included in the category of organizational resources, like; human resources, financial resources, information technology resources, production resources, inventory etc. The resources are significant modes that can be used by an organization for generating revenues (Smith and Offodile, 2014). BHP Billiton is the international organization that possesses variety of resources and these resources are sectioned in different categories, for example, intangible and tangible resources. This is the major segmentation for a company that can be very beneficial for adopting and implementing different approaches and strategies of resource management. All of these resources are reflected as very important for organization and are accountable for the success and growth of business and its operations (Steenkamp, 2017). Resource management includ es the implementation of different methods and strategies that will make the organization able to optimally utilize the organizational resources. BHP Billiton has the major resources like; financial resources, human resources, information technology etc. Financial resources are the most important resources, which play an important role in the growth and success of organization. An organization can find out its profitability and revenue generation by looking at its financial resources. These resources make the company able to make more investment on best and modern promotional platforms and modes that will increase awareness of products and services among the population in the market. By utilizing financial resources, the organization will have ability to recruit the expertise and potential team that will serve the customers at their maximum extent (Swink, Melnyk, Cooper and Hartley, 2014). An organization with better financial stability will be able to buy a better quality of raw materials and finally it will assist the manufacturers in offer finished goods with high quality. Apart from this, human resources are other resources which are used as one of the major factors in order to manage resources. Human resources are the people, who are working with organization for attaining the goals and objectives of organization. Human resource management is the process of managing the people that right people are working on right position in order to achieve the organizational objectives. This process will serve the business of organization with the results, like; achievement of desired targets, enhancement of good will and brand equity. These resources are the most valuable resources of an organization and they are accountable for the implementation of business operations and strategies. If BHP Billiton will have well-organized human resources and workforce, then it will able to gain a higher competitive advantage over its existing competitors in Australian industry (Wynn, Turner, Banik and Duckworth, 2017). Goodwill and brand equity of an organization are the int angible resources, which need to be managed for attaining profits in the competitive business environment. These resources of an organization can be managed by delivery best quality products to the customers, so that they can achieve maximum customer level. Good will enables the organization in attracting more investors, who want to invest their funds in the company. It will attract more customers towards organizational products and services. Thus, the resource management at BHP Billiton can be reflected as very responsible and relevant constraints, which adds growth and success to the organization. Conclusion From the above analysis, it can be concluded that operation management is an aspect that should be considered a significant concept in order to achieve success and growth of an organization. The above report has been emphasized on the organization, i.e. BHP Billiton that deals in different business and operations like; metal, mining and petroleum. The organization is well-established in Australian industry. The report has included different issues, which may impact the success of chosen organization, like; changes in customer expectations, job design, quality management, globalization, global manufacturing. These challenges may impact the business operations of organization in the future. The organization needs to develop effective strategies to deal with these issues in todays competitive business environment. The next section of the report includes three areas of operation management which are very much important for the success of organization. There are various operations, from which three are chosen for this discussion, i.e. goods and service design, supply chain design and resource management. These areas off operations management contribute to the development and success of the business organization. Thus, the operations of BHP Billiton are also affected by these areas of operation management process. The Organization should develop some processes and strategies to handle all the processes of operations management. References Aaker, D.A. and Biel, A., 2013.Brand equity advertising: advertising's role in building strong brands. Psychology Press. Anderson, M.A., Anderson, E.J. and Parker, G., 2013.Operations management for dummies. John Wiley Sons. Aviv, Y., Lariviere, M. Terwiesch, C. 2009, "Operations management", Management Science Beardwell, J. and Thompson, A., 2014.Human resource management: a contemporary approach. Pearson Education. BHP, 2017, Our Approach, Retrieved from https://www.bhp.com/. Brown, S., Bessant, J.R. and Lamming, R., 2013.Strategic operations management. Routledge. Chase, 2017, Operations Supply Management. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Christopher Martin, 2016, Logistics supply chain management. Pearson UK. Christopher, M., 2016, Logistics supply chain management, Pearson Galliers, R.D. and Leidner, D.E. eds., 2014.Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Heizer, J., 2016.Operations Management, 11/e. Pearson Education India. Hill, A. and Hill, T., 2012.Operations management. Palgrave Macmillan. Hitt, M.A., Carnes, C.M. and Xu, K., 2016. A current view of resource based theory in operations management: A response to Bromiley and Rau.Journal of Operations Management,41(10), pp.107-109. Hoyle Rhiannon, 2017, BHP Billiton lays out petroleum expansion plans".MarketWatch. Jacobs, R. and Chase, R., 2013, Operations and supply chain management, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Johnson, M.W., Christensen, C.M. and Kagermann, H., 2008. Reinventing your business model.Harvard business review,86(12), pp.57-68. Kammar, S, 2016, Advantages and disadvantages of job rotation/Job design, Retrieved from https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/hrm/jobs/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-job-rotation-job-design/75368/. Khanna, R.B., 2015.Production and operations management. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Krajewski, L.J., Ritzman, L.P. and Malhotra, M.K., 2013.Operations management: Processes and supply chains(Vol. 1). New York: Pearson. Li, L, 2007, Supply Chain Management. Singapore: World Scientific. Mahadevan, B, 2009, Operation Management: Theory and Practice, Pearson Education. Mangan, John, and Chandra Lalwani, 2016, Global logistics and supply chain management. John Wiley Sons. McFarlane, D.A., 2014. The Challenges of Operations Management for Business Managers.Int. J. Oper. Log. Manage,3(1), pp.16-29. Netessine, S. Christopher S, 2009, Consumer-driven demand and operations management models: a systematic study of information-technology-enabled sales mechanisms. New York, NY: Springer. Silva, A., 2005, The Ten Commandments of Quality Management: Best Practices to Develop New Leaders And Create a Quality Environment.USA: iUniverse. Smith, A.A. and Offodile, O.F., 2014. Green corporate initiatives: a case study of goods and service design.International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management,19(4), pp.417-443. Steenkamp, J.B., 2017. Global Brand Equity. InGlobal Brand Strategy(pp. 243-273). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Swink, M., Melnyk, S.A., Cooper, M.B. and Hartley, J.L, 2014, Managing operations across the supply chain(pp. 248-249), New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Wynn, M., Turner, P., Banik, A. and Duckworth, G., 2016. The impact of customer relationship management systems in small business enterprises.Strategic Change,25(6), pp.659-674.

Wake Island Essay Example For Students

Wake Island Essay When the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, America was at last forced to officially enter World War II. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt officially declared war on the Japanese and in his famous radio address to the American people, he professed that December 7 was a day that would live in infamy. Americans and Japanese alike, still remember Pearl Harbor Day, but how many remember the gallant, fighting Marines who served on a tiny atoll in the Pacific by the name of Wake Island?Prior to the war, Wake Island, located 2300 miles west of Honolulu, was an unincorporated territory of the United States, which was placed under the jurisdiction of the Navy in 1934. It was also a Clipper stop on Pan American Airlines famed Trans-Pacific run, and in 1939, the U.S. Navy began construction of an air and submarine base, which was half completed at the time of the attack.Because of the construction of the base, approximately 1200 civilians were on the island, working for the Ame rican construction firm, Morrison-Knudsen, in addition to the Navy personnel and Marines who had been sent to defend the island. The first attack came at noon on December 7, 1941, when 36 Japanese bombers initiated the first bombing of the island. The bombings by the Japanese continued until December 23, when under continuous shelling, the Americans, under U.S. Navy Commander Winfield Scott Cunningham, were finally forced to surrender. Although the Japanese finally took the island, they incurred heavy losses. Three cruisers and one transport sustained heavy damage, two destroyers and one patrol boat were sunk, while 820 Japanese soldiers were killed, with another 333 wounded. In contrast, American military casualties included 120 killed, 49 wounded, with two missing in action. Initially, Japanese strategists assumed that the tiny island would be overwhelmed in a matter of hours. However, they underestimated the fighting spirit of the military personnel and civilians stationed on the island. For sixteen days these brave men fought against overwhelming odds, but demonstrated both to the Japanese and to their fellow Americans back at home that the Americans could and would put up a courageous fight. During the first air raid, Pan Americans facilities were destroyed, and ten civilian employees of the airline were killed.When the assault on the island was first launched, the Americans had twelve aircraft. By December 21, they were down to two planes and by the 22nd of December, none was left in the fleet. In addition, the Japanese used the technique of pattern bombing which caused heavy damage to practically every installation on the island.On the final day of the siege, over 1000 Japanese went on shore and the fighting that ensued continued for six hours.The Marines struggle to hold on to Wake Island came at a time when American installations in the Pacific were being both attacked and captured and the heroics of the fighting Marines on Wake did much to lift the s pirit of the American people. Even when it looked as though Americas chances of winning the battle for Wake were few, it has been said that when asked by radio if there was anything they wanted, the Marines replied: Yes, send us some more Japs.This became a popular slogan during the war, much like Remember the Alamo. We will write a custom essay on Wake Island specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now After the surrender, the Japanese rounded up all of the civilians and enlisted men and forced them to march to the airfield. There they were stripped and bound with wire and made to stand in the hot sun for two days with no food and very little water.Back on the homefront, besides worrying about the safety of their loved ones, the families of the civilians were left without the regular financial support that the construction crew had been sending prior to their unintended involvement in the war. Twenty-six civilians died during the sixteen-day siege of Wake. .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f , .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f .postImageUrl , .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f , .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f:hover , .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f:visited , .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f:active { border:0!important; } .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f:active , .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Nitrate Contamination Of Groundwater Poses A Serious Health Threat Nit EssayOn January 12, 1942, approximately 1200 American prisoners of war were loaded on board the Japanese passenger ship, the Nitta Maru, for the twelve-day voyage to China. Twenty of the wounded passengers were dropped off in Japan while five of the Americans were beheaded while aboard ship. The prisoners arrived at Shanghai on January

Entrepreneur Essay Sample For MBA Scholarship - Here Are Some Essays That Will Help You

Entrepreneur Essay Sample For MBA Scholarship - Here Are Some Essays That Will Help YouAn entrepreneur essay sample for MBA scholarship is a rare source of information. It contains the best ideas that you can find in the internet to reach your own goals and dreams. For this purpose, here are some ideas that will help you win the battle. You must know how to use these ideas so that you have no excuses in the future.Write an e-book on your passion and expertise. Make it as a short e-book with the explanation as to why you are in business. Well, the main objective of these essays is to decide whether or not the university will give you the award or not. So, you need to sell yourself and convince the university. When it comes to products, I suggest you make it as an ebook on an interesting topic.You must not be a smart as a number one, but the best plan is to become a successful entrepreneur. Therefore, think of the future before spending your time in writing essays. You must be careful about the topic you write on. You need to remember that it is your strategy that makes the difference. So, you need to learn more about your plan before setting out.You can also find a few books that talk about the business plan. They will help you prepare for the big question. The process might be harder if you are not very well informed.Start with a very simple plan and then expand from there. Your program will still be based on your ideas. So, the plan should focus on the real process that you have already figured out.In order to know how to reach your own success, you need to understand yourself and your strengths. All the people who decide to become entrepreneurs are experts. So, you need to decide how you think and what are your qualities.Thus, you need to have a successful plan and then let it grow from there. Do not stop till you reach your goals. Your achievements will reflect on your idea, so let it grow along with your plan.

Learning the Mandarin Chinese Tone System

Learning the Mandarin Chinese Tone System The Mandarin language has a fundamental difference from Western languages: it is tonal. Tones are one of the biggest challenges for Mandarin learners, but their mastery is essential. Incorrect tones can make your spoken Mandarin difficult or impossible to understand, but using the correct tones will allow you to express yourself clearly. Mandarin tones are especially difficult for speakers of Western languages. English, for example, uses tones for inflection, but this is a very different usage from Mandarin. Rising tones in English often imply a question or sarcasm. Falling tones may be used for emphasis. Changing the tones of a Mandarin sentence, though, could completely change the meaning. Let’s take an example. Suppose you are reading a book and your brother (or sister or child) keeps on interrupting you. You are likely to become exasperated and say â€Å"I’m trying to read a book!† In English, this would be said with an emphatic falling tone at the end. But if you use a falling tone in Mandarin, the meaning completely changes. WÇ’ yo kn shÃ… « I want to read a book.WÇ’ yo kÇŽn shà ¹ I want to cut trees! The second version of this sentence would have your listeners scratching their heads. So practice your tones! They are essential for speaking and understanding Mandarin.

New Historicist Reading of Christina Rossetti's Goblin Market Research Paper

New Historicist Reading of Christina Rossetti's Goblin Market - Research Paper Example Examining the different parts of the story and creating a relationship to society and the Victorian Era then establishes a stronger understanding of what was occurring during this time frame. The poem is one which not only develops historical understanding of the time, but also is associated with contradictions and perspectives that were deeply rooted in the Victorian Era. History of Goblin Market The poem of â€Å"Goblin Market† was written from 1830 – 1894 as a part of the Victorian Era. During this time frame, there were several changes which were occurring in society, specifically in relation to building a modern style society. The society was influenced with new developments in science, industry and technology. These new developments led to associations with politics, specifically with countries that were trying to expand and dominate by opening the countries to global trade and expansion. The politics were based on creating a sense of imperialism, domination and c olonialism over other countries while creating a power structure that was identified with the sense of domination. As this occurred, many began to be influenced by imperialist and bourgeois thought, including changing social status through differences in wealth, gender, ethnicity and overall identity. The main influences during the Victorian Era were then noted with contrasts to the literature of the time (Mcgann, pg. 237). The several changes which were occurring in the Victorian Era led to the main approach which was taken by Rossetti in writing the poem. The focus was to target two types of readers. One was defined by children and the other adults. The poem was able to be read from these two perspectives, one which worked like a fairy tale to tell a moral of a story. The second perspective was based on the viewpoints of adults who had sold into and bought the fruit of the men, or goblins of the time. From this perspective, the goblins became a representation of the social class d ivisions, imperialist nature and other aspects that were related to the dangers of the time. These various approaches to the poem were able to show a specific representation to the culture of the time while both audiences which read the poem were able to carry a different viewpoint and ideal which was associated directly with the time frame and the historical changes which were occurring (Kooistra, pg. 249). Economic History in Goblin’s Market The several approaches which are a part of the reading of â€Å"Goblin’s Market† are not only associated with the general political history and attitudes during the time. There is also a relationship to society and the basic perspectives which were considered during this time. A main concept which was approached was based on the social viewpoint toward economy and wealth as well as how this created division within the Victorian society. The ideal of consumer power comes through the two sisters and their desire to have the fruit and to continue to have the goblin fruits. This was associated with the economy of desire which was created at the time, specifically with the introductions of industry, economy and the taking over of other nations. The morality of economic space as well as the basis of capitalist production which came from the goblins was the two main components which were associated with this. The idea of falling into temptation with the consumption and the need to continue to h

Strategic Management - News Paper business Essay

Strategic Management - News Paper business - Essay Example If management wants to stress on the importance of customer needs they may vary from area to area in the regions the firm offers its products. Innovation can be considered as prime need of the customer in the case of weightage to customer needs. Every body covers the news, but the presentation matters. If the presentation is against the interests of a particular community they may be against the organization. So presentation of the news and analysis of the events must be according to the needs and interests of various customers in different areas. Desired Position: It is important to meet the customer needs in every business and industry. Here the needs of customers are timely delivery, publishing and presenting the problems in their areas, critical analysis of current national and international issues, interacting with the customer to let him express his views, to make government officials and heads of departments and governments to talk communicate with the people through our newspaper. The innovation in this area can be made possible by selecting a different topic and a new problem before out competitors pick and communicate with the people. The innovation here lies in continuity. ... The strategy canvas: The strategy that gives success in this business is not only to market the product but also getting advertisements. Generally in this business getting advertisements is the way to get profits. Obtaining advertisements depends upon the circulation of the newspaper. More the circulation the more number of advertisements the news paper can get. One can fix more tariffs for the ads also. The tariffs depend upon two factors: 1. The area that is covered by newspaper, 2. The circulation of the newspaper. If we want to be a head of our competitor having equal circulation with us, we must gather more ads for more tariff. This is made possible if the newspaper is supplied in more number of areas than our competitor. Though we are having an equal circulation with our competitor by selling our newspaper out of the state (if our competitor sells within our state) and out of the country (if our competitor sells his news paper within our country) and in more countries (if our competitor sells his product in other countries also). This strategy involves high establishment costs regarding the installation of offices and edition centers regarding collection of advertisements and publication of newspaper. But this investment will be fruitful in long term as it gives upper hand over competitor in increasing the circulation in future and deciding high tariffs for advertising in our paper in present. Along with newspaper one can publish magazines also. This thing will give an advantage to our infra structure as more than one product can be launched from the same infrastructure. This gives publicity without an advertisement as all the readers of magazine know about the newspaper and the readers of newspaper know about the magazine. This

Assessing the Dependency of Teamwork Dynamics to Cultural Differences Essay Example for Free

Assessing the Dependency of Teamwork Dynamics to Cultural Differences Essay A debate whether a heterogeneous or a homogeneous team is easier to handle and manage has been going on for years. Companies, firms and even organizations are starting to make teams as the basic unit of their operations. Due to this trend, organizational researchers started to study the correlation between the composition of the team and the teams’ output (Earley Mosakowski, 2000, p. 26). Organizational composition in terms of the homogeneity and heterogeneity of the team composition is commonly studied through the comparative advantages that each type of composition can give to a working team (Schippers, Hartog, Koopman, Wienk, 2003, p. 779). This research paper will try to address the issue at hand in the same manner as most organizational researchers do; this research paper will compare homogeneous and heterogeneous team compositions through the advantages they can give to their teams. The hiring structure of most organizations, companies and firm includes a set of qualification that seeks to sift through the applicants not in terms of credentials but also in terms of their backgrounds (Prat, 2000, p. 3). These sets of qualifications are commonly structured in their own ways to create a homogenous or a heterogeneous team, depending on the position of the hiring party in terms of its team composition preference. Before moving on to the advantages of the two-team compositions, it should be noted that the basic differences between the two-team compositions are its team members’ culture. Culture embodies the system of shared meanings (Gibson C. B. , 2004). It can even be said, that culture attributes the different reactions of the team members in different managerial approaches and team objectives (Gibson C. B. , 2004). Furthermore, the probability of success and efficiency in team is dependent to the culture of its team members. Identifying the difference between leading a homogeneous team or a heterogeneous team can be easily discussed through the extent by which team members share a certain culture. In modern day organizational researches, culture sharing is not the only difference. Factors such as efficiency, efficacy of the leading model, output capabilities and even conflict resolution mechanisms are considered in organization researches that address homogeneous and heterogeneous team compositions. Describing the actual leadership process in these two team compositions would lead to the discussions on team cohesiveness. Team cohesiveness is the degree by which members of a group (both hetero and homo) are attracted to the team (Wendt, Euwemab, Emmerik, 2009, p. 359). It can be said, that team cohesiveness embodies the reasons for joining a team and expected incentives for joining the team (Wendt, Euwemab, Emmerik, 2009, p. 359). Team cohesiveness is present in both homogeneous and heterogeneous team compositions. However, the burden of insuring that the team would function is not directly related to the team composition; it is also determined by the leadership style in the team. Leading leadership styles such as directive and supportive styles have two very different effects to the team depending on the team composition. The exclusivity of the shared culture in homogeneous teams can work better with directive leadership such as seen in autocratic countries (Wendt, Euwemab, Emmerik, 2009, p. 360). On the other hand, supportive leadership can work better with heterogeneous team composition since the differences in the shared culture of the team can be compensated for by the support that the leadership style offers (Wendt, Euwemab, Emmerik, 2009, p. 360). Interchanging the two leadership styles in heterogeneous and homogeneous team compositions can result to high probability of team inefficiency and failure. Following this logic, it can be said that the leadership style would determine the difference between these two team compositions; a certain â€Å"fit† must be properly addressed. After discussing the needed â€Å"fit† in the leadership style and the team composition, advantages in terms of properly leading a homogeneous team or a heterogeneous team can now be established. Having a heterogeneous team implies that a team leader would have members with different recognitions of shared culture. Due to this, the team leader can expect different opinions and a wide range of ideas to be articulated by the team members (Gibson Vermeulen, 2003, p. 207). This setup is seen in companies that operate on a high technology level. Technology based companies tend to function in a transnational level; this allows the companies to have an experience in having a heterogeneous team to deal with their operations. The diverse pool that the company can easily access to creates a working environment, which is perfect for the creation of cohorts. According to other related researches, team members tend to speak out their idea or opinion if they have at least one team member that supports their idea (Gibson Vermeulen, 2003, p. 207). This finding is the coined as the cohort formation in workplaces. Following this logic, leading a heterogeneous team has an advantage of being able to pool a good number of ideas and opinions due to the different shared cultures among the team members. Practically speaking, a heterogeneous team can come up with more possible solutions needed to address a problem as compared to a team with members that share a uniform culture. Heterogeneous team through its cohorts also has the advantage of creating a workplace, which is more conducive for a more receptive learning behavior (Gibson Vermeulen, 2003, p. 209). The cohort formation that arises from a heterogeneous team creates subgroups that are more receptive to learning through experimentation; reflective communication and codification (Gibson Vermeulen, 2003, p. 209). The psychological support provided by team members that share culture allows other team members to learn more (Gibson Vermeulen, 2003, p. 210). These advantages of heterogeneous teams make many organizations, companies and firms to invest in the creation of a heterogeneous team. This trend is best seen in transnational companies’ attempts to outsource team members from different places around the globe to insure that their team has cohorts to cultivate better brainstorming activities (Earley Gibson, 2002, pp. 230-232). Unfortunately, the advantages of having a heterogeneous team stop at the cohorts. Heterogeneous team, which is too heterogeneous in the sense that it does not allow the formation of cohorts tends to be counterproductive since its team members without some to share his or her culture with, becomes too protective of their ideas (Gibson Vermeulen, 2003, pp. 212-213). In this situation, organizational researches recommend the full dismantling of the team or the inclusion of other team members that may allow that formation of cohorts within the heterogeneous team. Advantages in a homogeneous team are the extreme solutions to the disadvantages of a heterogeneous team. The probability that too much heterogeneity can impede team growth and efficiency can be cancelled out by adapting a homogenized team since the shared culture of the whole team will eradicate the cultural diversity that may have started the problems of a too heterogenic team (Mello Ruckes, 2010, p. 1022). This is the primary advantage of homogeneous team- cohesion. Team cohesion is at its prime state if the subject team is a homogeneous team (WordPress. com, 2009). The strong sense of group cohesion in a homogeneous team allows the whole team to easily accomplish tasks and yield maximum productivity rates (WordPress. com, 2009, p. n. pag. ). The shared culture of a homogeneous team creates a sense of unity among the team members; that translates to achievements that are most probably unattainable for a common heterogeneous group. This is the primary and appears to be the only advantage in a homogeneous group. Unfortunately, it also has its share of disadvantages. The major disadvantage of a homogenous team is that the team is prone to make probable dumb decisions due to the strong sense of groupthink mentality present in this team composition (WordPress. com, 2009). This attributes of homogeneous team composition allows homogeneous teams to be the perfect team composition for productivity and goal oriented organizations, companies and firms. Conclusion: Heterogeneous and homogeneous team compositions have been existing ever since basic groups have been formed. The reason for their existence is the fact that each of this team composition provides a perfect fit for different organizational arrangements (Gamage, 2006, p. 57). The interplay between organizational cultures, team composition and the type of leadership determines the needed fit implied in this research paper. Conclusively, this research paper takes the position that homogeneous team composition is an advantage for organizations, companies and firms that are goal and production oriented, while heterogeneous team composition is an advantage for organizations, companies and firms that seek to provide solutions. The cohesive team culture cultured and enforced in homogeneous team composition allows a consolidated movement of the whole team towards the attainment of their team’s objectives. On the other hand, the differences of the team members of a heterogeneous team allow the utilization of the multi perspective orientations in the advantage of the whole team. The different ideas and cultural inclinations of a heterogeneous team allow the development of holistic solutions. These points when summed up results to a general idea that the team compositions’ effectiveness are dominantly dependent on the factors such as type of leadership and environment such as context of application. Bibliography Adams, S. K. (2007, July 30). Disciplinarily Hetero- and Homogeneous Design Team Convergence:Communication Patterns and Perceptions of Teamwork. Retrieved August 6, 2010, from www. scholar. lib. vt. edu: http://scholar. lib. vt. edu/theses/available/etd-08272007-114555/unrestricted/MastersThesis. pdf Adler, N. (1991). International dimensions of organi-zational behavior (2nd ed. ). Boston: PWS-Kent. Burke, S. , Wilson, K. , Salas, E. (2010). Varying Team Composition to Examine the Effect of CulturalDiversity on Team Process and Cultural Adaptability. Retrieved August 6, 2010, from www. ftp. rta. nato. int: ftp. rta. nato. int/public//PubFullText/ ///MP-HFM-142-18. doc Casmir, R. (1992). Third-culture building: A paradigm shift for international and intercultural communication. Communication Yearbook , 407-428. Cox, T. (1992). Cultural diversity in organizations. San Francisco: Berrett Koehler. Earley, P. C. , Mosakowski, E. (2000). Creating Hybrid Team Cultures: An Empirical Test of Transnational Team Functioning. The Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 43, No. 1 , 26-49. Earley, P. , Gibson, C. B. (2002). Multinational Work Teams: A New Perspective. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. . Elron, E. (1997). Top management teams within multina-tional corporations: Effects of cultural heterogeneity. Leadership Quarterly , 393-412. Gamage, D. (2006). Professional Development for Leaders and Managers . 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Human Relations , 531-552. McGrath, J. (1984). Groups: Interaction and performance. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall. Mello, A. S. , Ruckes, M. E. (2010). Team Composition. Retrieved August 6, 2010, from http://finance. fbv. uni-karlsruhe. d: http://finance. fbv. uni-karlsruhe. de/download/Ruckes_TeamCompositionJB. pdf Prat, A. (2000, August 16). Shoul a Team Be Homogeneous? Retrieved August 6, 2010, from www. econ. lse. ac. uk: http://econ. lse. ac. uk/staff/prat/papers/sharedeer2. pdf Schippers, M. C. , Hartog, D. N. , Koopman, P. L. , Wienk, J. A. (2003). Diversity and Team Outcomes: The Moderating Effects of Outcome Interdependence and Group Longevity and the Mediating Effect of Reflexivity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 24, No. 6 , 779-802. Wendt, H. , Euwemab, M. C. , Emmerik, I. H. (2009). Leadership and team cohesiveness across cultures. Retrieved August 6, 2010, from http://hettyvanemmerik. com: http://hettyvanemmerik. com/ScientificPublications/+Enl2009=Article_LQ_Wendt_Euwema_Van_Emmerik_Leadership_and_team_cohesiveness. pdf WordPress. com. (2009, March 10). Homogeneous or Heterogeneous Teams and Creativity. Retrieved August 6, 2010, from www. wordpress. com: http://asifjmir. wordpress. com/2009/03/10/homogeneous-or-heterogeneous-teams-and-creativity/